phmacao vip

Sowei 2025-01-12
Best Customer Service - Wheels and MotorsChiefs offense hitting its stride with return of wide receiver Marquise Brown from injuryphmacao vip

From the season’s outset, Timberwolves coach Chris Finch said Minnesota would leave itself the flexibility to close games with whatever lineup the coaching staff felt was needed to secure a victory. ADVERTISEMENT Sometimes, he noted, he’d get the choice right. Surely, there would be other times when he wouldn’t. “Hopefully, I do way more than I don’t,” Finch said this week. Sunday evening, however, was a checkmark in the “not right” column, at least based off the result. The Timberwolves didn’t score in the final 4:47 of their loss to Golden State. Finch said this week that Mike Conley’s inclusion in the closing lineup would’ve added organization to the equation. But he was quick to add that, with the ill-advised shots Anthony Edwards was taking, may not have mattered. ADVERTISEMENT Finch also reiterated what he said after the game, that Nickeil Alexander-Walker was playing “so well,” so he was hesitant to take him off the floor. “Maybe the other thing I could’ve done was go small,” Finch said, “but we’ve not really done that a ton.” That was the cry of many Wolves’ followers on social media on Sunday. Minnesota has proven rather inept at late-game offense when Conley isn’t on the floor. But all recognized Alexander-Walker had also earned the opportunity to close. You certainly won’t take Edwards off the floor in those situations, and the Wolves wanted Jaden McDaniels on the floor to guard Steph Curry. That left Julius Randle and Rudy Gobert as the only options to take off the court in favor of Conley, and that would’ve left Minnesota small. And, as Finch noted, the Wolves simply haven’t gone small this season. Like, at all. None of Naz Reid, Randle or Gobert have played more than 17 minutes this season without another big man next to him. ADVERTISEMENT It’s not something the Wolves practice, either. McDaniels said he’s only repped minutes at the four in practice when one of the bigs have been unavailable. Still, Finch said it wasn’t that he was “uncomfortable” rolling out a small-ball look Sunday. “But I worry a lot about rebounding. We struggle to rebound with our bigger lineups, at times. So, I know our smaller lineups have really struggled,” Finch said. “That’s some of the reason not to go small is really rebounding issues. But I think our guys are comfortable playing in all different combinations. But I haven’t really thought about going small, necessarily.” ADVERTISEMENT Indeed, Minnesota is just 12th in the NBA this season in defensive rebounding rate, grabbing 71.3% of opposing missed shots. The glass was especially an issue Sunday, as Golden State grabbed 14 offensive rebounds that led to 19 second-chance points. But it’s worth noting many of those came by guards in situations in which size was no factor on the play. McDaniels said he’s comfortable playing any position, including the power forward slot. And Minnesota certainly has the wing depth to roll out more small ball lineups if the situation ever called for it. There could be a playoff matchup that does just that, though Finch noted it could also go the other direction where the Wolves’ advantage would be to lean bigger. Versatility rules come April and May. But the Wolves don’t seem overly urgent to trot out any small-ball looks just to see how they perform at this juncture in the campaign. ADVERTISEMENT “Usually, it’s better with Naz at the four (than me),” McDaniels said. There is, however, at least one proponent of doing a little experimenting: Conley. “I think (small ball) kind of promotes a different level of spacing and speed to the game. You’re going to have to rely on guard-guard situations, guard pick and rolls,” Conley said. “Maybe me setting the screen and roll, Just creating different advantages for ourselves, as opposed to our typical offense or typical flow of things. I would love to see it, maybe — see how it works.” ADVERTISEMENT ______________________________________________________ This story was written by one of our partner news agencies. Forum Communications Company uses content from agencies such as Reuters, Kaiser Health News, Tribune News Service and others to provide a wider range of news to our readers. Learn more about the news services FCC uses here .Blake Lively has filed a legal complaint against her It Ends with Us co-star Justin Baldoni, accusing him of sexual harassment during filming as well as organizing a “smear campaign” against her in the months that followed. The 37-year-old Gossip Girl actor stars as Lily Bloom in the adaptation of Colleen Hoover ’s bestselling 2016 novel, which centers around a flower shop owner’s abusive relationship with her partner, Ryle Kincaid, played by Baldoni. The complaint, which was filed with the California Civil Rights Department and is the precursor to a lawsuit, is the culmination of months of speculation from fans and the media , after rumors of a rift between Baldoni, who also directed the movie, and the rest of the cast overshadowed its promotion. Legal documents seen by The Independent as well as an investigation by The New York Times accuse Baldoni and associates of a targeted effort to “destroy” the actor and drag her in the media, which Lively says has caused her “severe emotional distress.” The legal filing Lively filed a legal complaint on Friday in which she claimed that a meeting took place in early January to address the “hostile work environment that had almost derailed the film.” She accused Baldoni and lead producer Jamey Heath of “repeated sexual harassment and other disturbing behavior,” including unwanted improvised kissing from Baldoni. According to the complaint, the actor had a number of requirements in order for her to continue work on the film, including: — No more showing nude videos or images of women, including producer’s wife, to Lively and/or her employees. — No more mention of Baldoni or Heath’s previous “pornography addiction” — No more discussions to Lively and/or her employees about personal experiences with sex — No more descriptions of their own genitalia to Lively — No more mention by Baldoni of him “speaking to” Lively’s late father The filing also alleged that Baldoni had “inserted improvised gratuitous sexual content and/or scenes involving nudity into the film (including for an underage character) in highly unsettling ways,” without Lively’s knowledge. Lively alleges that after Sony Pictures approved her requests, Baldoni hired a special team and began a campaign to “destroy” her reputation. The actor, the filing states, suffered “substantial harm caused by this malicious campaign, which pervaded, and continues to pervade, all aspects of Ms. Lively’s life.” The ‘smear’ campaign Lively’s 80-page filing includes excerpts from thousands of pages of text messages and emails between Baldoni, public relations executive Jennifer Abel and crisis management expert, Melissa Nathan. According to The Times, Nathan has previously worked for high profile figures including Johnny Depp and rappers Drake and Travis Scott. Message exchanges included in the filing allegedly show how the trio sought to create a “plan” to deal with speculation on social media and control the narrative, providing “protection” to Baldoni. “He wants to feel like [Lively] can be buried,” Abel wrote to Nathan. “You know we can bury anyone,” Nathan later replied. The complaint also states that on August 4, Abel texted Nathan, stating, “I’m having reckless thoughts of wanting to plant pieces this week of how horrible Blake is to work with... Just to get ahead of it.” Nathan responded, “same,” and indicated that she had already spoken to certain media outlets. Around two weeks later, per the filing, Nathan shared an article headlined “Is Blake Lively set to be CANCELLED?” “Wow. You really outdid yourself with this piece,” Abel replied. “That’s why you hired me right?” Nathan replied. “I’m the best.” The press tour ‘rift’ Speculation about a rift between Baldoni and the rest of the cast first erupted during the movie’s promotional tour, following its release on August 9. Fans noted Baldoni’s absence from joint press events, a lack of group photos featuring both Lively and Baldoni together at premieres, and the fact that the cast — as well as Lively’s husband, fellow Hollywood A-lister Ryan Reynolds — had unfollowed Baldoni on Instagram. According to The Times, Lively and other cast members had informed Sony and Wayfarer, the movie’s distributor and studio, that they would not do any appearances alongside Baldoni. Colleen Hoover reportedly had her own issues with him and had become more upset after learning that Lively had made complaints about Baldoni’s on-set behavior to the studio. She also did not appear with Baldoni at press events, and unfollowed him on Instagram. Effect on Lively Shortly after the release of It Ends with Us , the actor was flooded with negative press that ultimately became a high percentage of her online presence, according to a review she sought from a brand marketing consultant, reported by The Times. Media articles branded her as tone-deaf and a bully, with some outlets speculating whether she was “set to be canceled.” Her hair-care line — Blake Brown — reportedly experienced a drop in sales of some 78 percent. One day after the release of the movie, Kjersti Flaa, a Norwegian entertainment reporter, uploaded a 2016 interview to YouTube, in which Lively snapped back about comments on her baby “bump” and appeared standoffish for the remainder of the interview. Flaa titled the video “The Blake Lively interview that made me want to quit my job,” and told The Daily Mail that “it’s time that people behaving badly in Hollywood, or anywhere else for that matter, gets called out for it.” In contrast, earlier this month Baldoni was honored at an event celebrating men who “elevate women, combat gender-based violence and promote gender equality worldwide.” The Fallout A statement from Bryan Freedman, who is representing Baldoni, stated that Lively’s complaint was “yet another desperate attempt to ‘fix’ her negative reputation which was garnered from her own remarks and actions during the campaign for the film.” “Interviews and press activities that were observed publicly, in real time and unedited, which allowed for the internet to generate their own views and opinions,” the statement, shared with The Times read. Freedman added that the allegations were “false, outrageous and intentionally salacious.” However, others have already spoken out in support of the actor, including her sister and Colleen Hoover. “FINALLY justice for my sister @BlakeLively,” Robyn Lively wrote on her Instagram story on Saturday, highlighting specific sentences and phrases from the Times article. In her own story, Hoover wrote: “@blakelively you have been nothing but honest, kind, supportive, and patient since the day we met. Thank you for being exactly the human that you are. Never change. Never wilt.” Faa, whose “nightmare” 2016 interview with Lively was also referenced in the suit, also denied she had been part of any targeted campaign against the actor Addressing the situation in a YouTube video, Flaa said that she would “never take money to jeopardize my integrity as a journalist.” “Some people have started these conspiracies that I am connected to the PR campaign against Blake Lively; that is not true,” she said. The Independent previously contacted Baldoni and Lively’s representation for comment about the complaint and the accusations.Lake is mayor Adam Shultz's Labor of loveTOKYO — Japanese automakers Honda and Nissan have announced plans to work toward a merger that would form the world’s third-largest automaker by sales, as the industry undergoes dramatic changes in its transition away from fossil fuels. The two companies said they had signed a memorandum of understanding on Monday and that smaller Nissan alliance member Mitsubishi Motors Corp. also had agreed to join the talks on integrating their businesses. Automakers in Japan have lagged behind their big rivals in electric vehicles and are trying to cut costs and make up for lost time as newcomers like China’s BYD and EV market leader Tesla devour market share. Honda’s president, Toshihiro Mibe, said Honda and Nissan will attempt to unify their operations under a joint holding company. Honda will lead the new management, retaining the principles and brands of each company. They aim to have a formal merger agreement by June and to complete the deal and list the holding company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange by August 2026, he said. No dollar value was given and the formal talks are just starting, Mibe said. There are “points that need to be studied and discussed,” he said. “Frankly speaking, the possibility of this not being implemented is not zero.” A merger could result in a behemoth worth more than $50 billion based on the market capitalization of all three automakers. Together, Honda, Nissan and Mitsubishi would gain scale to compete with Toyota Motor Corp. and with Germany’s Volkswagen AG. Toyota has technology partnerships with Japan’s Mazda Motor Corp. and Subaru Corp. News of a possible merger surfaced earlier this month, with unconfirmed reports saying Taiwan iPhone maker Foxconn was seeking to tie up with Nissan by buying shares from the Japan’s company’s other alliance partner, Renault SA of France. Nissan’s CEO Makoto Uchida said Foxconn had not directly approach his company. He also acknowledged that Nissan’s situation was “severe.” Even after a merger Toyota, which rolled out 11.5 million vehicles in 2023, would remain the leading Japanese automaker. If they join, the three smaller companies would make about 8 million vehicles. In 2023, Honda made 4 million and Nissan produced 3.4 million. Mitsubishi Motors made just over 1 million. “We have come to the realization that in order for both parties to be leaders in this mobility transformation, it is necessary to make a more bold change than a collaboration in specific areas,” Mibe said. Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi earlier agreed to share components for electric vehicles like batteries and to jointly research software for autonomous driving to adapt better to electrification. Nissan has struggled following a scandal that began with the arrest of its former chairman Carlos Ghosn in late 2018 on charges of fraud and misuse of company assets, allegations that he denies. He eventually was released on bail and fled to Lebanon. Speaking Monday to reporters in Tokyo via a video link, Ghosn derided the planned merger as a “desperate move.” From Nissan, Honda could get truck-based body-on-frame large SUVs such as the Armada and Infiniti QX80 that Honda doesn’t have, with large towing capacities and good off-road performance, Sam Fiorani, vice president of AutoForecast Solutions, told The Associated Press. Nissan also has years of experience building batteries and electric vehicles, and gas-electric hybrid powertrains that could help Honda in developing its own EVs and next generation of hybrids, he said. But the company said in November that it was slashing 9,000 jobs, or about 6% of its global work force, and reducing its global production capacity by 20% after reporting a quarterly loss of 9.3 billion yen ($61 million). It recently reshuffled its management and Uchida, its chief executive, took a 50% pay cut while acknowledging responsibility for the financial woes, saying Nissan needed to become more efficient and respond better to market tastes, rising costs and other global changes. “We anticipate that if this integration comes to fruition, we will be able to deliver even greater value to a wider customer base,” Uchida said. Fitch Ratings recently downgraded Nissan’s credit outlook to “negative,” citing worsening profitability, partly due to price cuts in the North American market. But it noted that it has a strong financial structure and solid cash reserves that amounted to 1.44 trillion yen ($9.4 billion). Nissan’s share price also had fallen to the point where it is considered something of a bargain. On Monday, its Tokyo-traded shares gained 1.6%. They jumped more than 20% after news of the possible merger broke last week. Honda’s shares surged 3.8%. Honda’s net profit slipped nearly 20% in the first half of the April-March fiscal year from a year earlier, as its sales suffered in China. The merger reflects an industry-wide trend toward consolidation. At a routine briefing Monday, Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi said he would not comment on details of the automakers’ plans, but said Japanese companies need to stay competitive in the fast changing market. “As the business environment surrounding the automobile industry largely changes, with competitiveness in storage batteries and software is increasingly important, we expect measures needed to survive international competition will be taken,” Hayashi said. Source: AP

Oklahoma State's 3-point accuracy sends Miami to defeat

New York, NY, Dec. 12, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The world of cryptocurrency is a complex landscape, filled with opportunities but also fraught with risks. Today, Broker Complaint Alert (BCA) is proud to introduce its cutting-edge AI-driven solutions designed to tackle one of the most pressing challenges in the crypto space: the recovery of lost or stolen digital assets. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing crypto recovery, enhancing security measures, and improving recovery efforts. Through advanced algorithms and real-time monitoring, AI can identify suspicious activities, predict, and even prevent future crypto scams. Services like BCA are at the forefront of this innovation, using AI to trace illicit crypto flows and restore investor confidence. Understanding the Intersection of AI and Crypto Recovery The combination of AI and crypto recovery represents a groundbreaking shift in digital asset security. AI offers powerful tools to combat fraud and aid in retrieving lost assets. AI technologies continue to evolve, presenting new opportunities for crypto recovery. They provide solutions that are both efficient and effective in dealing with cyber threats. The Evolution of AI in Crypto Fraud Detection AI-driven solutions have transformed how we detect crypto fraud. Initially, fraud detection relied heavily on human oversight and manual checks. Now, AI models automate the process, identifying anomalies with speed and precision. This evolution makes fraud detection faster and significantly more accurate than before. AI Algorithms: The New Frontier in Security Measures AI algorithms are pioneering the way in advanced security measures for crypto recovery. They analyze vast amounts of data, providing insights that were once unimaginable. These algorithms enhance security by pinpointing suspicious activities that might go unnoticed otherwise. This advanced technology is crucial for building robust defenses against digital threats. Broker Complaint Alert (BCA) and AI-Powered Recovery Efforts Broker Complaint Alert (BCA) leverages AI to revolutionize fund recovery processes. This platform uses AI technology to streamline recovery efforts and enhance protection for investors. By integrating advanced AI tools, BCA significantly improves the speed and efficiency of recovering lost digital assets. This approach has redefined how investors regain their funds. How BCA Utilizes AI to Protect Investors BCA employs AI algorithms to detect and prevent fraudulent activities. These tools monitor transactional data in real-time, identifying potential threats and protecting investments. Additionally, AI-powered analyses help BCA identify suspicious patterns swiftly. This proactive approach ensures investors can mitigate risks before they escalate. Case Studies: Successful Fund Recovery with AI Assistance Several case studies highlight the success of AI-assisted recovery in the crypto world. BCA has reported impressive outcomes, retrieving assets for multiple investors. These real-life examples demonstrate AI's impact on resolving complex cases. By adopting AI, BCA proves its capability to tackle intricate fraud schemes effectively. Advanced Technologies in Action: AI-Driven Anomaly Detection Anomaly detection is a key feature of AI in crypto recovery. Advanced AI technologies enable the identification of unusual patterns, often unnoticed by human analysts. These AI-driven tools can spot irregularities amidst vast data sets. As technologies continue to evolve, they significantly bolster security measures for digital assets. Real-Time Monitoring and AI Models Real-time monitoring with AI models has transformed crypto recovery efforts. These models continuously analyze vast amounts of data to detect inconsistencies. This advanced approach provides immediate alerts when potential threats are identified. It improves response times, enabling quicker actions to secure digital assets. Identifying Suspicious Activities with AI Identifying suspicious activities has become more precise with AI. AI tools are adept at recognizing potential fraud scenarios within transactions. By leveraging the power of machine learning, these tools can adapt to new patterns. This adaptability keeps them effective against evolving crypto scams, ensuring robust fund recovery strategies. The Future of Crypto Recovery: AI and Blockchain Synergy The future of crypto recovery lies in the synergy between AI and blockchain technology. AI's analytical abilities combined with blockchain's transparency can significantly enhance recovery processes. This integration opens new possibilities for tracing and retrieving lost digital assets. The collaboration of these technologies promises a more secure and trustworthy crypto environment. AI's Role in Enhancing Blockchain Transparency and Trust AI plays a crucial role in boosting blockchain transparency. By analyzing blockchain data, AI algorithms uncover hidden activities that may signal fraud. This transparency builds trust among investors and consumers. As AI identifies suspicious transactions, blockchain technology records them, providing an immutable audit trail for future reference. Preparing for Tomorrow: Continuous Learning and AI Adaptation Continuous learning is vital for AI in crypto recovery. AI systems must constantly evolve to stay ahead of cyber threats. Through regular updates, AI models can adjust to new fraud patterns. This adaptability is essential to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of crypto recovery efforts in the ever-changing digital landscape. Conclusion: Embracing AI for a Safer Crypto Environment Embracing AI in crypto recovery is pivotal for a secure future. By leveraging AI's capabilities, we can protect digital assets and restore trust in the cryptocurrency market. As AI technologies continue to advance, they offer promising solutions to challenges in fund recovery, ensuring a safer crypto environment for all. About the company: Broker Complaint Alert (BCA) is a leading cryptocurrency recovery firm dedicated to helping individuals and businesses reclaim lost or stolen digital assets. Specializing in investigating fraudulent activities, including scams, hacks, and exchange failures, BCA leverages advanced blockchain forensics, AI technology, and legal expertise to locate and recover funds. Our team works closely with law enforcement, regulatory bodies, and industry experts to provide clients with transparent, reliable, and effective crypto asset recovery solutions. Whether you've fallen victim to a scam or lost access to your crypto holdings, BCA is here to help you navigate the complex process of recovery. Website: https://brokercomplaintalert.org Disclaimer: The information provided in this press release is not a solicitation for investment, nor is it intended as investment advice, financial advice, or trading advice. It is strongly recommended you practice due diligence, including consultation with a professional financial advisor, before investing in or trading cryptocurrency and securities.

Friday essay: Ukraine is the world’s most heavily mined country. Meet some of the people cleaning up this deadly mess

ORLANDO, Fla. — UCF coach Gus Malzahn is resigning after four seasons with the school. ESPN’s Pete Thamel was the first to report the move, which will see Malzahn to leave to take the offensive coordinator job at Florida State. Malzahn previously worked with FSU coach Mike Norvell during their time at Tulsa under then-coach Todd Graham from 2007-08. The Knights ended a disappointing 4-8 season in which they lost eight of their last nine games, the longest losing streak since 2015. Malzahn, 59, was in the fourth year of a contract through 2028. His buyout, it is reported, would have been $13.75 million. He finished 27-25 at UCF but lost 16 of his last 22 games and was a dismal 4-14 in two seasons in the Big 12. After back-to-back nine-win seasons in 2021-22, the Knights went 6-7 in 2023 and 4-8 in 2024. This season started with high expectations as Malzahn made sweeping changes to the program. He retooled the strength and conditioning department and hired Ted Roof and Tim Harris Jr. as defensive and offensive coordinators, respectively. He also added nearly 50 new players to the roster, leaning heavily on the transfer market. UCF started by winning its first three games against New Hampshire, Sam Houston and a thrilling comeback at TCU, but offensive struggles saw the Knights tumble through a TBD-game losing streak to finish the season. Terry Mohajir hired Malzahn on Feb. 15, 2021, six days after he was hired to replace Danny White. The move came eight weeks after Malzahn had been fired at Auburn after eight seasons of coaching the Tigers. The two briefly worked together at Arkansas State in 2012 before Malzahn left for the Auburn job. “When he [Mohajir] offered the job, I was like, ‘I’m in.’ There wasn’t thinking about or talking about ...,” Malzahn said during his introductory press conference. “This will be one of the best programs in college football in a short time. This is a job that I plan on being here and building it.” UCF opened the 2021 season with non-conference wins over Boise State and Bethune-Cookman before traveling to Louisville on Sept. 17, where quarterback Dillon Gabriel suffered a fractured collarbone in the final minute of a 42-35 loss. Backup Mikey Keene would finish out the season as Gabriel announced his intention to transfer. The Knights would finish the season on the plus side by accepting a bid to join the Big 12 Conference in September and then by defeating Florida 29-17 in the Gasparilla Bowl. Malzahn struck transfer portal gold in the offseason when he signed former Ole Miss quarterback John Rhys Plumlee. Plumlee, a two-sport star with the Rebels, helped guide UCF to the American Athletic Conference Championship in its final season. However, Plumlee’s injury forced the Knights to go with Keene and freshman Thomas Castellanos. The team finished with losses to Tulane in the conference championship and Duke in the Military Bowl. Plumlee would return in 2023 as UCF transitioned to the Big 12 but would go down with a knee injury in the final minute of the Knights’ 18-16 win at Boise State on Sept. 9. He would miss the next four games as backup Timmy McClain took over the team. Even on his return, Plumlee couldn’t help UCF, on a five-game losing streak to open conference play. The Knights got their first Big 12 win at Cincinnati on Nov. 4 and upset No. 15 Oklahoma State the following week, but the team still needed a win over Houston in the regular-season finale to secure a bowl bid for the eighth straight season. From the moment Malzahn stepped on campus, he prioritized recruiting, particularly in Central Florida. “We’re going to recruit like our hair’s on fire,” Malzahn said at the time. “We’re going to go after the best players in America and we’re not backing down to anybody.” From 2007 to 2020, UCF signed 10 four-star high school and junior college prospects. Eight four-star prospects were in the three recruiting classes signed under Malzahn. The 2024 recruiting class earned a composite ranking of 39 from 247Sports, the highest-ranked class in school history. The 2025 recruiting class is ranked No. 41 and has commitments from three four-star prospects. Malzahn has always leaned on the transfer market, signing 60 players over the past three seasons. Some have paid huge dividends, such as Javon Baker, Lee Hunter, Kobe Hudson, Tylan Grable, Bula Schmidt, Amari Kight, Marcellus Marshall, Trent Whittemore, Gage King, Ethan Barr, Deshawn Pace and Plumlee. Others haven’t been as successful, such as quarterback KJ Jefferson, who started the first five games of this season before being benched for poor performance. Jefferson’s struggles forced the Knights to play musical chairs at quarterback, with true freshman EJ Colson, redshirt sophomore Jacurri Brown and redshirt freshman Dylan Rizk all seeing action at one point or another this season. This season’s struggles led to several players utilizing the NCAA’s redshirt rule after four games, including starting slot receiver Xavier Townsend and kicker Colton Boomer, who have also entered the transfer portal. Defensive end Kaven Call posted a letter to Malzahn on Twitter in which he accused the UCF coaching staff of recently kicking him off the team when he requested to be redshirted.Viral "Social Lives" Key to Developing Treatments for Bacterial Infections NEW YORK , Dec. 12, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Viruses that infect and kill bacteria, called phages, hold promise as new treatment types for dangerous infections, including strains that have become resistant to antibiotics. Yet, virologists know little about how phages persist in the populations of bacterial cells they infect, hampering the development of phage therapies. Published online December 12 in the journal Science , a new study offers the first evidence that a single bacterial species—the host of the phage—can maintain a diverse community of competing phage species. Led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Oxford , and Yale University , the study showed that several phage species coexist stably on a population of a genetically uniform strain of E. coli , a bacterial species that colonizes the human gut and includes disease-causing variants. The researchers found that, despite competition between the viruses, different phage species preferred slower or faster growing cells that randomly appeared in the population. In this way, each phage species was able to find a separate niche on the same host, leading to stable coexistence. Lack of local access to nutrients (starvation), for instance, may slow the growth of some cells to preserve scarce resources. In the current study, two species of phage, labeled N and S, co-existed because N was more fit to survive in fast-growing bacterial cells, while phage S was better in slow-growing cells. The designers of phage therapies hope to avert the problem in treatment with antibiotics, where a certain drug kills bacteria but leaves alive the fraction that by chance are the most resistant to that drug's mechanism of action. These survivors are a major concern because they have become resistant to available treatments. "Knowing how more than one kind of phage can survive over time on a single bacterium could help in designing next-generation phage cocktails," said first study author Nora Pyenson , PhD, a post-doctoral scholar in the lab of co-author Jonas Schluter , PhD , of the Institute of Systems Genetics at NYU Langone Health. "For example, each phage species might attack the bacterium in a different part of its lifecycle and enabling the whole population to be killed before resistance to the treatment evolves." "No phage therapies have yet become standard treatments for bacterial infections, either because in past attempts a single phage did not kill all the targeted bacteria or because the bacteria evolved to be resistant, similar to the evolution of antibiotic resistance," adds Dr. Pyenson. Labs are already testing phage treatments as an alternative to antibiotics. A co-author of the current paper, Paul Turner , PhD , at Yale University , for instance, leads a clinical trial that uses phages against the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which can contribute to severe inflammation in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Dr. Schluter's lab is studying the role of phages in the gut ecosystem of humans and mice that could shape future therapies for infections like Salmonella . A main goal is to anticipate the impact of phage administration and design phage therapies that, unlike current versions that must be tailored to a single patient, work universally across many patients. Importance of Phage Ecology Understanding species diversity is a fundamental question in ecology and evolutionary biology. A major factor enabling diversity, from birds to plants to bacteria, is that species find ways to coexist while still competing for resources. However, viruses were not traditionally thought of in this "social" context. The current research team experimentally tested the long-held assumption that the genetic diversity of bacteria limits the diversity of viral species. This led to an expectation that one phage type would outcompete all others to be the lone survivor. However, just as multicellular organisms host a wide array of bacterial species within their microbiome, the new results show that a single bacterial strain can, itself, host a diverse community of phage species. "Our study contributes to the burgeoning field of studying the social lives of viruses ," adds Dr. Pyenson. "We often think of viruses purely in terms of their impact on the host, but they also exist in the context of other viral species. These phage communities show how diversity emerges even among the simplest bits of biology." Interestingly, the presence of a diverse population of bacteria in the human gut is a sign of health, as the diverse set of species (microbiome) is better able to resist attempts at dominance by any invading, disease-causing species. By the same token, the population of viruses occupying the bacteria that live in the gut is also emerging as an important regulator of health, with abnormal phage mixes thought to contribute to conditions like sepsis. "This work represents a shift in our understanding of phage ecology," said Dr. Schluter, also a professor in the Department of Microbiology at NYU Langone. "Thanks to Nora's work, which she carried through a pandemic and across four labs, we can now begin to understand the evolution of phages when they are in community with diverse viral species and how this shapes their role in health and disease." Along with Drs. Pyenson and Schluter at NYU Langone, and Dr. Turner at Yale , study authors were Asher Leeks and Odera Nweke in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University ; Joshua Goldford in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena; Kevin Foster in the Department of Biology at the University of Oxford ; and Alvaro Sanchez of the Institute of Functional Biology & Genomics, CSIC & University of Salamanca in Spain . Drs. Foster and Sanchez were corresponding authors alongside Dr. Pyenson. Funding for parts of the work was through the Life Science Research Foundation and the Simons Foundation provided to Dr. Pyenson, and through a New Innovator Award to Dr. Schluter (DP2AI164318) from the National Institute of Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. Contact: Gregory Williams , gregory.williams@nyulangone.org View original content to download multimedia: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/diverse-virus-populations-coexist-on-single-strains-of-gut-bacteria-302330342.html SOURCE NYU Langone Health SystemDecember's full cold moon: What to know

0 Comments: 0 Reading: 349