Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir, commonly known as Omar al-Bashir, was born on January 1, 1944, in a small village in Northern Sudan. He joined the Sudanese Army in 1960 and quickly rose through the ranks, eventually becoming a prominent military figure in the country. In 1989, Bashir led a military coup that overthrew the democratically elected government and established himself as the President of Sudan.Angela Merkel's Memoir: A Tale of Leadership and ReflectionsThe removal of Omar al-Bashir from power was seen as a significant step towards democracy and accountability in Sudan. It opened up a new chapter in the country's history, with the formation of a transitional government composed of both civilians and military representatives. The transitional government faces numerous challenges, including economic reform, peace-building efforts, and the establishment of democratic institutions.
Recently, two high-ranking officials, often referred to as "tigers" due to their influential positions, have been arrested on corruption charges in China. Among them, one has been accused of engaging in blind and reckless decision-making in the country's poverty alleviation campaign.Those who watched the video may be forgiven for thinking ghosts are real. Before their eyes was the familiar face of the late former Indonesian dictator Suharto , seated at a desk against a yellow background, wearing a traditional black kopiah hat and a batik shirt. Flanked by the flags of Indonesia and his party, Golkar, Suharto urged his listeners to vote for Golkar representatives in the upcoming elections. There was just one problem: the video came out in January 2024, a month before the presidential election that had as its frontrunner, Suharto’s former son-in-law and general, Prabowo Subianto, and Suharto died 16 years ago, in January 2008. Racking up over 4.7 million views as of December 22, the video was a “deepfake,” where technology was used to mimic the appearance and voice of the late dictator. It was shared by Erwin Aksa, the deputy general chair of Golkar, on X (formerly Twitter). Aksa clarified in the video caption that it was made using artificial intelligence technology, or AI. After exhorting viewers to elect the “right representatives,” Aksa said: “This video was made using AI technology to remind us how important our votes are in general elections which will determine the future so that the hopes of the Indonesian people are realised and prosperous.” Must Read What can the Philippines learn from how AI was used in Indonesia’s 2024 election? In neighboring Malaysia, the fast and affordable Internet connections available there allow citizens to consume online content at faster rates than ever before, including short videos like TikTok reels. This helped shape elections as well. The rise of the Malaysian Islamist Party (PAS) in the 2022 general election, the party that won the most seats (49 out of 222) in parliament, could be largely attributed to PAS’ mastery of TikTok , according to experts. Elections galore 2024 has been a remarkable year for elections , and particularly for elections in Asia. We’ve seen voters in Taiwan, Bangladesh, South Korea, Iran, Japan, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan head to the polls, in many cases, resulting in changes of government or at least significant losses by the incumbents. If that does happen, long-running policies or plans for the future may be shelved, as the country either adjusts to a new government with different priorities, or the incumbents revise their policies to appeal to more voters before they get thrown out of power. With such high stakes, it is important that elections are kept free and fair, and voters have all the necessary information before they make up their minds. But if AI technology can be misused, generate misinformation and manipulate the voters, could elections be tipped one way or the other by nefarious actors, people who may not even reside in the country? We shine a spotlight of how AI, social media and electoral politics have already become enmeshed and entrenched in two recent elections in Malaysia and Indonesia. Internet-savvy countries Indonesia is a massive country in Southeast Asia, with a population of over 278 million, but it also has a high level of internet penetration. According to Indonesian site Antara News , citing the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association in January 2024, said that Internet penetration had reached 79.5%. With this figure reaching even higher levels among the younger generations (Generation Z from 19 to 27 years old had over 87% ), and the fact that Indonesia recorded the most number of TikTok users in the world in July 2024, surpassing the United States, it seems likely that Internet videos will remain an indelible element of future elections. Indonesia eventually elected Prabowo Subianto , defense minister and chair of Gerindra as the next president. But Golkar improved its own performance , gaining 15.3% of the vote as opposed to 12.3 in 2019, remaining the second-largest party in the legislature. Perhaps the AI video helped them on their way. In Malaysia, the use of the Internet has become far more widespread. “The environment has changed completely,” said James Chin, Professor of Asian Studies at the University of Tasmania, about modern social media. Thanks to upgraded Internet access and cheaper telecommunications technology, more people in Malaysia have access to social media than ever before. “For example, you can get unlimited broadband for your mobile phone in Malaysia, the cost is about 25 ringgit (US$6) a month,” he said. And what do the people use their high-speed Internet connections for? Getting online and sharing content one may have found elsewhere, without being too concerned about its authenticity. Lessons from Indonesia The Republic of Indonesia is somewhat overlooked when democratic elections are discussed, but it happens to be the world’s third-largest democracy , after India and the United States of America. With a GDP of US$1.37 trillion (2023), and a formidable military , Indonesia is one of the most significant countries in the Southeast Asia region. It is also a major diplomatic power in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and arguably in the greater Asia Pacific region. With its prominent position, elections in Indonesia therefore have significant impact on the region and the wider world. Hundreds of people run for elected office to help shape Indonesia’s destiny. One such person is Anindya Shabrina, 29, a legal affairs specialist who joined Indonesia’s Labour Party and ran as a candidate in the February 2024 elections. Describing herself as politically active since she was a student, Anindya decided to join the Labour Party, attracted to its left-leaning stance and open approach to recruitment. “Traditionally, young people who can compete in electoral politics here are mostly from political or wealthy families, but in the Labor Party, anyone can run.” Despite her parents’ concerns, they gave their full support to Anindya’s bid to stand for a seat on the Regional People’s Representative Council of East Java, in an ultimately unsuccessful effort. And perhaps they were right to be concerned. Anindya called the experience “incredibly challenging”, citing the financial disparity between herself and her more established opponents, who could promise tangible monetary assistance while she could only expound on her proposals. Anindya said that during the course of her campaign, she had come across several instances of AI-generated video clips used to support candidates, including the Suharto video. Even her own party got involved, although they decided to stop following concerns raised by creative industry workers. However, there was another, far nastier hurdle she faced. Anonymous online detractors leveled personal attacks and harsh criticism at her, and she even faced attacks from supposed political allies who objected to her even taking part in the election. “There have been attempts to cancel me, including spreading strange rumors, and an anarchist group even created a poster calling for violence against me.” When asked if she thinks AI technology would have made the situation worse, Anindya had zero doubt. “Especially for women,” she added, raising the possibility of using AI to create fake nude images. This is not an unfounded fear, with women politicians in other countries being harassed, insulted and attacked online. During the rule of right-wing Brazilian president, Jair Bolsonaro, there was a surge of online gendered attacks , particularly on social media networks like Facebook. Lower barrier to entry Manipulated or edited photographs have been around for decades. Soviet Union dictator Josef Stalin had photos edited when the people in them drew his ire. In the computer age, Photoshop became a common tool, and was quickly used to transform photos for political purposes. Behold this picture of Sarah Palin, the Republican vice presidential candidate in the 2008 election, edited to look as though she was toting a gun and wearing a bikini. But although Photoshop was widely available, anyone who intended to create digitally-manipulated images with the programme had to have some skills in the first place. In contrast, using an open AI program has a much lower barrier to entry. As Benjamin Ang explained, “AI opens up the capability to more people in Photoshop.” Previously, one needed skills in Photoshop or video and audio editing. But now, such skills are practically not needed because all the tools are available to the public, even if they don’t understand the language of their target audience. Ang is a Senior Fellow of the Rajaratnam School of International Studies, and the Head of the Centre of Excellence for National Security. In his concurrent role as Head of Digital Impact Research, Ang is very familiar with the development of AI, and its widespread use in society, including in the political arena. Ang shed some light on just how and why AI has come about by leaps and bounds within the last few years, going from science-fiction and the mostly theoretical realm to widespread, everyday use. Calling it a “hockey-stick” effect, where progress is flat for a long time before it suddenly shoots up, Ang pointed to two other factors for the rapid development of AI. The first is the development of computer chips to the point where processing power is fast enough to handle the demands of AI. The second, Ang pointed out, is there has been roughly two decades of social media use where people have uploaded a staggering amount of personal information online. This, he said, allowed programmers to feed such information into data sets to train machine learning algorithms. Speed and ease Ang also highlighted that AI has made the speed of generating such content much faster. “Something which would have taken you an hour or several hours to do in Photoshop, or maybe a day to do video or audio editing can now be done in seconds. And because it can be done in seconds, you can keep on iterating it. You do it once, you can see ‘is it working’? You can do it again and again until you can really refine it, at a scale that has never before happened.” Roy Lee, an Assistant Professor of Information Systems Technology and Design at the Singapore University of Technology and Design, agrees. “Modern AI tools are designed with user-friendly interfaces and require minimal technical expertise. Unlike complex software like Photoshop, which demands specialised skills, AI platforms often offer intuitive prompts and automated features, enabling average users to generate high-quality content effortlessly.” The role of social media While AI has come on by leaps and bounds, its combination with social media is like setting an open flame to touchpaper; you get fireworks. Chin elaborated on the rise of the Malaysian Islamist Party (PAS) in the 2022 general election. The key to their victory, in his view, was their mastery of using TikTok to win the hearts and minds of voters. The party backed influencers who created “very slick, professionally-run” videos that in combination with their popular religious messaging, created a “powerful machine.” But what about AI-generated videos? As in Indonesia, Chin foresees the same thing happening in Malaysia. While such content is currently “simple stuff,” using cartoon figures and the like, he has no doubt that come the next election cycle, political parties will be investing their resources in creating such content. “If you speak to all the political parties in the old days, a major portion of [their] money goes to ground campaigning, paying campaign workers, setting up booths, holding night ceramahs (night rallies). If you talk to them now, right, most of them said that they’re going to shift the bulk of those resources now towards social media.” Chin also believes that in the wrong hands, misleading content created by AI will be very effective, especially once high-quality videos start being produced in earnest. He pointed out that such content did not need to be entirely faked or created out of whole cloth. Perhaps an existing video could be edited to add a few words, or redact them, to produce a misleading message. And if it’s uploaded to TikTok, with its notoriously short attention span? “I doubt very much that the ordinary voter would be able to tell the difference.” What can be done? Indonesia has taken a few tentative steps to address the problem. About a week after the presidential election in February 2024, then-President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo signed legislation that requires digital platforms to pay media outlets that provide them with content. While it does not directly tackle the misuse of AI content, it could help to ensure digital platforms are more circumspect about the kind of content they share. In September 2024, the Jakarta Globe reported that Indonesia’s Ministry of Communication and Information Technology was preparing to issue new regulations to establish “clear guidelines” for the use of AI technology in Indonesia. Deputy Minister Nezar Patria said it would be carefully studied, and require consultation with the “AI development ecosystem.” The existing circular, issued on a temporary basis by the ministry, merely outlines “ethical guidelines” for the use of AI, including “respecting human rights” and the “need for transparency.” However, despite the change in presidential administrations, Nezar was re-appointed to his post by the new president, Prabowo, who took over in October 2024. There is some hope that Indonesia will continue to work on creating AI regulations. Meanwhile in September 2024, Malaysia’s Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation introduced the National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics, which seek to support safe and responsible AI development. Singapore looks ahead However, Indonesia and Malaysia’s neighbor Singapore is not waiting around, and has already introduced and passed legislation specifically governing the use of AI-generated content in an election, with one eye on its own upcoming general election. The city-state has recently gone through a rare leadership change, just its third in its near-60-year history. The new prime minister, Lawrence Wong, took over in May 2024. Unlike leaders of other countries, such as Japan, Wong did not call for snap elections soon after being sworn in. He must call for a new general election by November 2025, which leaves quite some time. He has time to see a new bill being introduced in parliament to directly address the issue of misleading, manipulated content. In October 2024, Singapore’s Minister for Digital Development and Information Josephine Teo played a “deepfaked,” AI-generated video of herself in parliament. The virtual Teo said : “It only took one person one hour to create this, using easily accessible software that anyone can use right now from the Internet. Imagine if someone produced realistic deepfakes, depicting Members of this House saying or doing something we did not actually say or do, and disseminated it. Such technology will only improve, and deepfakes may become even more realistic, convincing, and easy to make.” The bill, which was passed by Singapore’s parliament, is a very narrowly-targeted one. It prohibits the publication of online content that “realistically depicts a candidate saying or doing something [they] did not.” It covers misinformation from both AI-generated content and non-AI techniques used to create content, such as Photoshop or audio dubbing. However, the law only kicks in when the Writ of Election is issued to the close of the polls, which means it is only active for Singapore’s election season. It doesn’t matter whether the content boosts or denigrates a candidate; both are prohibited. Reposting or sharing such content is also not allowed. Measures include asking the users to take down the content, or forcing the social media site to disable access to Singaporean users. Punishments include fines for up to S$1,000 (US$760) or jail for up to a year, and up to S$1 million (US$760,000) in fines for a social media service that does not comply. Harsh? Effective? It remains to be seen. Lee called the legislation a “commendable step,” but said the main challenge depends on its execution. “Social media companies will need to regulate and investigate digitally manipulated content swiftly when requested to take down such content. Given the vast amount of content they handle daily, this poses a significant challenge in terms of scalability and response time.” Cross-border content could also happen, and getting users to take down misleading content who are not in the country could take some time. To Lee, strengthening collaboration between regulators and social media platforms is important to ensure “comprehensive protection.” Beyond governments But what else can be done, if not through government legislation? According to Lee, enhancing public awareness and media literacy is also crucial. “Educating citizens on identifying manipulated content empowers them to critically assess information,” he said. And in what may be an illustration of the old adage, “set a thief to catch a thief,” Lee shared that AI solutions can also be used to detect misinformation on social media platforms, and other platforms with user-generated content. He believes fostering partnerships between academia and industry to continuously improve such tools could significantly reduce the spread of misinformation. Chin is more skeptical. He pointed out that for such AI-generated misinformation, the content is likely to be shared to you by a trusted individual, like a friend or family member. Chin also feels that Singapore’s attempt to tackle AI-generated misinformation may not be easily replicated in other countries. “It’s a small city state, it’s much easier to handle. But for countries like Malaysia, I think, is increasingly becoming difficult. Even for Singapore, right, I think it will be very difficult in the coming years because of new platforms like Starlink, which allows you to link directly to the satellite. So whatever filters you put in at the platform level, the ISP level, even that can be bypassed with new technology.” – Rappler.com Sulaiman Daud is a 2024 #FactsMatter fellow of Rappler. He is a writer and editor at Mothership , Singapore’s youth-focused digital news platform . Must Read How AI was used in 2024 elections: Voice and chatbot clones, drafting speeches, emails
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Exclusive | Xiaohongshu Establishes Application Algorithm Department, Xiaohou Appointed as Department HeadGaetz withdraws as Trump's pick for attorney general, averting confirmation battle in the Senate WASHINGTON (AP) — Matt Gaetz has withdrawn as Donald Trump’s pick for attorney general following scrutiny over a federal sex trafficking investigation. The Florida Republican made the announcement Thursday. Gaetz’s withdrawal is a blow to Trump’s push to install steadfast loyalists in his incoming administration and the first sign that Trump could face resistance from members of his own party. Trump said in a social media post that Gaetz “did not want to be a distraction for the Administration.” Gaetz said “it is clear that my confirmation was unfairly becoming a distraction to the critical work" of the transition team. He added, “There is no time to waste on a needlessly protracted Washington scuffle.” Javascript is required for you to be able to read premium content. Please enable it in your browser settings. Get any of our free email newsletters — news headlines, obituaries, sports, and more.
A look at how some of Trump's picks to lead health agencies could help carry out Kennedy's overhaulThe convening of experts from the five nuclear-weapon states in Dubai underscores China's proactive approach to nuclear diplomacy and its willingness to engage with other major nuclear powers. By facilitating dialogue and cooperation, China seeks to build consensus on key nuclear issues and promote greater transparency and confidence-building measures among nuclear-armed nations.
No Easy Fix For The Housing ProblemKolkata, Dec 30 (IANS): West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee will be making a trip on Monday to Sandeshkhali, a conglomeration of islands in North 24 Parganas district, after avoiding such initiatives during the entire period of crisis there earlier this year, following allegations of sexual harassment of local women and land grabbing of people by her party member and local leader, Sheikh Shahjahan. On December 26, the Chief Minister announced that she would be going there to attend an official programme on December 30 and hand over documents of public services to 100 beneficiaries there. "On Monday, a total of 20,000 individuals will be handed over such papers from different camps established there on that day," Banerjee said. Doubts were raised from different quarters, including the opposition parties in the state, as to why the Chief Minister was avoiding a visit to Sandeshkhali while it witnessed violence earlier this year, following a protest by local women there against sexual harassment and land grabbing. Political observers feel that the Chief Minister's visit to Sandeshkhali on Monday is significant as she is expected to make important announcements from there on that day. In January this year, Sandeshkhali for the first time hit the headlines for all the wrong reasons as a group of Enforcement Directorate (ED) officials and their escorting central armed forces personnel (CAPF) personnel attempted a raid and search operations at the residence of Sheikh Shahjahan in connection with the multi-core ration distribution case in West Bengal. Shortly after that, when the entire focus of the media and central agencies was shifted over to Sandeshkhali, the local people whose land was allegedly grabbed by Shahahjan and his associates and the women becoming victims of sexual harassment by them came out on the streets protesting on the issue. Shahjahan is currently in judicial custody.
Title: "Dark Mythology: 6.09GB Update Now Available! Exclusive Launch on Epic Platform"
His recent beef with Drake ended in a resounding victory, he was awarded a coveted performance slot at the Super Bowl halftime show, and, earlier this month, he was nominated for seven Grammys. Yet on his surprise-released LP GNX , Kendrick Lamar seems mad as hell. A closer look at the lyrics offer some clues to his reasoning: People he cares about are dying and getting locked up; others he looked up to are either disappointed by him or disappointing him. Also, he’s clearly still sour about the entire feud with Drake. Even when he slips into standard rapper braggadocio (private jets, etc.), it feels like his heart isn’t in it. GNX Kendrick feels like someone trying to convince himself that all of this is still worth it. Being lonely at the top, of course, is nothing new; Drake himself expertly — if a bit cynically — commodified the successful sadboi schtick. And while it’s possible Kendrick saw the success of “Not Like Us” and leaned into indignance for commercial purposes, it’s also unlikely. Kendrick has been called many things, but a cynic is not one of them. What follows are 11 moments on GNX that force us to consider: After all the wins, what is Kendrick Lamar still so bitter about? Yesterday, somebody whacked out my mural That energy’ll make you niggas move to Europe But it’s regular for me, yeah, that’s for sure The love and hate is definite without a cure” — “wacced out murals” From the first bar on the first track, Kendrick wants us to know that, despite near universal acclaim, he’s not immune to hatred — even in his hometown. The mural in question, on the exterior of a Compton restaurant, was vandalized earlier this year with an “OVO” tag, among other verbal detritus. Snoop posted “Taylor Made,” I prayed it was the edibles — “wacced out murals” This bar is the facepalm emoji in lyric form. During their recent beef, Drake released a song called “Taylor Made Freestyle” that used computer-simulated voices emulating Tupac and Snoop Dogg. Snoop posted the track to Instagram , which Kendrick is clearly still sore about, but chalked it up to Uncle Snoop’s love for weed. (Snoop clearly still finds all of this hilarious .) Used to bump Tha Carter III, I held my Rollie chain proud Irony, I think my hard work let Lil Wayne down” — “wacced out murals” Won the Super Bowl and Nas the only one congratulate me — “wacced out murals” After Kendrick was announced as the headliner of the Super Bowl LIX halftime show in New Orleans, the typical praise chorus was far quieter. In its stead came (loud) doubts, with Birdman, Master P, Nicki Minaj, and others openly questioning the snub of hometown hero Lil Wayne. So while Kendrick will still get the benefits of the largest promotional vehicle in music, the fact that it comes at the cost of disappointing an artist he looks up to has clearly tarnished the experience. For his part, Wayne appears plagued by hurt feelings and short-term memory loss, wondering “ Man Wtf I Do ?!” just two months after admitting the snub “broke” him. Okay, fuck your hip-hop, I watched the party just die Niggas cackling about— while all of y’all is on trial Niggas thought that I was antisocial when I stayed inside of my house — “wacced out murals” It’s hard to tell which specific death or trial Kendrick is referring to here. What’s clear is that he’s hyperaware of the dangers that rappers face. Whether it’s prosecution by the government or violence from other gang members , Kendrick is fearful enough for his freedom and safety to simply stay inside. More money, more power, more freedom Everything Heaven allowed us, bitch I deserve it all — “man at the garden” Kendrick sounds like he’s trying to convince himself that he deserves his success and accolades. The doubt is coming from inside the house... How annoying, does it angers me to know the lames can speak On the origins of the game I breathe? That’s insane to me— “man at the garden” Certain levels of fame and fortune invite criticism from, well, everyone. Including “the lames.” It seems Kendrick has yet to accept this. I got this fire burnin’ in me from within Concentrated thoughts on who I used to be, I’m sheddin’ skin Every day, a new version of me, a third of me demented, cemented in pain Juggling opposing kinds of fame I don’t know how to make friends, I’m a lonely soul — “reincarnated” “Reincarnated” is a fascinating exercise in exploring the concept of reincarnation, imagining a spiritual connection to the ancestors. But before his trip through the past, he sets the emotional stage by reflecting on his painful growth as a remedy for his struggles with loneliness and self-doubt. He seeks not pity but salvation, searching for the fire to fuel his personal growth. It’s commendable, if a little sad. To all my young niggas, let me be the demonstration How to conduct differences with a healthy conversation If that’s your family, then handle it as such Don’t let the socials gas you up or let emotions be your crutch— “heart pt. 6” “Heart pt. 6” is a full-on nostalgia trip, with Kendrick reminiscing on a time when TDE was underground, Jay Rock was about to be the major label star, Ab-Soul was the genius lyricist, and Schoolboy Q wasn’t even rapping. But there’s a clear undertone of regret in how his relationship with TDE and Black Hippy dissolved, evidenced by this attempt at wise words directed at those who may follow in his footsteps. He’s achieved nearly everything someone in his position can achieve. But mans still misses making music with his best friends. Nigga feel like he entitled ’cause he knew me since a kid Bitch, I cut my granny off if she don’t see it how I see it, hm Got a big mouth but he lack big ideas — “tv off” Play that opp shit around me, I’ma tell you, “Turn it off” Heard what happened to your mans, not sorry for your loss — “peekaboo” True bitterness transcends even death. #RIPBOZO .